![]() Cross-cultural examples of celebrations in pre-modern states and chiefdoms involving tribute and redistribution, elite competition and elite-sponsored sports suggest celebrations were, at different times and places, a remarkable and important source of power (see Flannery and Marcus for a summary). Gatherings could be used to shape the economy, publicly demonstrate personal power, and capitalize on shared experiences in games, sports and performances as an avenue to promote social integration. ![]() When viewed through the lens of political economy theory large celebrations involving hundreds or thousands of people provided the ruling class of pre-modern states with a host of opportunities to create and maintain power. More speculatively, the author argues that it is possible to decipher choices in architectural design and location at royal centres that speak to attempts by the elite to artificially increase the density of crowds at low turnout events while at the same time leaving enough room to accommodate high turnout events. The author finds that the relevant data collected over more than a century of archaeology are not sufficient to support these claims and that the distribution of tracks for the sledding sport (hōlua) might be a fruitful avenue for future research, especially when investigating elite rivalry. He takes a direct historical approach combining independent datasets to classify settings of celebrations and evaluate claims that the Makahiki festival originated, and was most elaborate, on Hawai'i Island, as well as that the festival was practised differently across the archipelago. Here the author examines the archaeological and historical evidence for the Makahiki festival in the Hawaiian Islands. Metrics to evaluate celebratory behaviour – such as festive gatherings, offerings at temples and shrines, games and memorials – remain underdeveloped. Environmental Protection Agency and Hawaii DOH criteria for safe drinking water standards.Large celebrations in ancient societies, when viewed through the lens of political economy theory, were opportunities for economic redistribution, elite rivalry and social integration. This targeted approach to re-flush and re-sample is in agreement with the IDWST-approved Drinking Water Sampling Plan signed in December 2021.Īll samples of the drinking water distribution system for Hale Moku and Hokulani (Zone D1) met U.S. Before making a recommendation to amend the health advisory for Hale Moku and Hokulani homes (Zone D1), the Interagency Drinking Water System Team (IDWST) will perform a thorough review of all results, including the re-sampling. The Hawaii DOH health advisory remains in effect, and all Navy water system users should avoid using the water for drinking, cooking, or oral hygiene. ![]() One sample exceeded the Hawaii DOH criteria for one semi-volatile organic compound of 3 ppb, with a result of 6.3 ppb.Īs part of the investigation, the Navy may take additional samples from nearby homes as required. The Navy tests for a variety of semi-volatile organic compounds. One sample exceeded the Hawaii DOH criteria of 200 parts per billion (ppb) for two of the TPH groups, with a TPH-diesel group result of 268 ppb and a TPH-oil group result of 237 ppb. The Navy tests for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in three groups: gas, diesel, and oil. The affected residents have been notified, and their homes are scheduled to be re-flushed and re-sampled.
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